Lateral movement control



Feb- 24, -1959 J. E. CANDLIN, JR 2,874,647

LATERAL MOVEMENT CONTROL 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 16, 1956 I/V VENTOR fH/V/'f E. CHNDL/N fR ATTORNEYS Feb, 24, 1959 J. E. CANDLIN, JR

LATERAL MOVEMENT CONTROL 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 16, 1956 //V VE/V TO/v n fH/WES E CH/VDvL//V ,7742` Feb. 24, 1959 J. E. cANDLlN, JR

LATERAL MOVEMENT CONTROL 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed March 1e, 1956 I UIW f/v VEN TOR .nq/w55 5. WNDU/v IR. MMM/M r d2/w HT TOR/VE'Y CuVe.

LATERAL MOVEMENT CONTROL James E. Candlin, Jrg-*Lansing lll., assignor to Pullman- Standard Car Manufacturing Company, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Delaware Application March 16, 1956, serial No. 571366 21 claims. (cl. 10s- 171) The present-invention relates generally to an improved suspension system for mounting a vehicle body with respect to a wheel-carrying axle, which suspension system acts to maintain the vehicle body in an upright position while allowing the same to bank or roll laterally with respect to the axle in response to centrifugal force acting on the vehicle body when the vehicle negotiates a curve. More specifically, the present' invention is directed to an improvedsuspension system `and a lateral movement control and limiting means which functions to normally maintain a vehicle bodyV in an` upright position while allowing the same to roll or bank laterally with respect to a wheel-carrying axle associated therewith when the vehicle negotiates a curve.

t While the specific embodiment of the present invention to be described is directed to a suspension system used in single axle railway cars of the lightweight, high speed variety, it should be understood that the improved suspension system and the lateral movement control means may be used with any type of vehicle body wherein it is desiredto allowthe body to bank in response to the action of centrifugal force when the vehicle rounds a Still further, it should be understood that the particular vehicle body lateral movement control means to be described, which formsthe essence` of the present invention, may beu-sed in many different forms of suspension systems and the particular suspension system to be described as incorporating this improvement'is merely illustrative of a single form of suspension system capable of exhibiting improved operation by the inclusion of the control means. g

In line with the present emphasis lon low cost, lightweight design and high speed operation, advances have been made `in the railway industry' in the development of lightweight, high speed' trains -which are formed primarily from a plurality of single axle Vrailway cars being interconnected with one another inV load-bearing support. These cars are provided Vwith coupler-supported ends and wheel-supported ends which latter 'ends utilize a'single axle for support. Due primarily to5the lightweight features of these cars, trains formed from such cars may be operated at higher speeds and, as a result, efforts have been made to mount the car body with respect to its axle `so as to allow the Car body to Ibank under the influence of centrifugal forcewhen the same is rounding a curve.` The banking feature afforded by the suspension' system greatly improves the safety factor in the operation of such trains as well as improving the riding comfort of the passengers.

One for-m of` suspension system which vhas been found to be highly efficient in operation and capable of relatively low cost manufactureas well as inexpensive maintenance is the type of system `which pivotally mounts the car body on elements movable in a plane` ,aboutthe pivots which is transverse of the longitudinalaxis of the car body. ,Resilient biasing means are used-inthe pivotice l `2 right4 position. The resilient biasing means are in the form of rubber torsion Aunits which 'allow connecting elements to pivot relative to one another thereby placing the resilient biasing material of the units, such as rubber, under the influence of torsionalstresses. The torsion ,v assemblies act to maintain the car body in an upright positionduring straight-away operation and yield in response to shearing or torsional stresses yapplied thereto when the car body is subjected to the action of centrifugal force upon the rounding of .a curve. .Once the negotiation of a curve has been completed and the centrifugal force dissipated, the inherent resiliency of the material of the rubber torsion assemblies act to bias the elements associated therewith to anfextent that the car body is returned to an upright position. The biasing strength of torsion assemblies Of this nature l is fixed with respect to its magnitude upon the manufacunder the very heaviest load conditions.

ture of the assemblies and, as a result, these` assemblies are not radjustable except by replacement with assemblies of greater or less, fixed biasing strength. Normally, the assemblies will be capable of properly biasing a car body In the event that a car is carrying a load less than. the maximum load, the lateral ride and capacity to properly bank upony the negotiation of a curve will be hindered as the resistance to torsional stresses caused by centrifugal force is designed for full-load conditions. Still further, the lateral ride is affected by variations in ltemperature conditions under which the car is operated. For example, extremely low temperatures will result'in stiffening the resilient Y, material of theV torsion assemblies to an extent that the lateral ride, even under `full-load conditions, is affected. If assemblies are initially made less stiff to compensate forlow temperature conditions, these same assemblies may not efficiently be used under normal or higher temperature conditions due .to their inherentweakness and lossof stiffness attributable to higher temperatures. To continuously replace the torsion assemblies with assemblies of varying resilient ratings-depending upon the load and temperature co'nditionsunder which the vcar is to be operated, results in costly maintenance.

VIt is anV object of the present invention to provide an improved suspension system capable of allowing a vehicle body to eiciently bank or roll laterally with respect l to a wheel-carrying axle in responsefto the action of centrifugal force regardless of variations in load carried by the vehicle or temperature 'conditions under which the vehicle is operated.` g

Another object is' to provide an improved suspension system for supporting a vehicle body with respect to an which system includesthe use of rubber torsion units a1 `connections to normally urge thecar body into an up in combination with a lateral movement control means capable of cooperatively biasing the vehicle body into an upright position while allowing the same to roll or bank when subjected tothe action vof centrifugal force upon the negotiation of a curve. Y

A furtherrobjech'. in addition to the foregoing, is to provide an improved suspension system which utilizes fluid pressure operated vertical and lateral body movement'control means operatively cooperating with Aone another to control movement of the vehicle body relative to its supporting axle, the suspension system being further provided with rubber torsion assemblies which in cooperation with thelateral movement control means normally urges the vehicle body into Van upright position.

Still a further object is to provide a lateral movement control means particularly adapted for use in suspension systems which resiliently mount a vehicle body with respect to an axle and allow the vehicle body to roll or move laterally with respect to the axle in response to the action of centrifugal force upon the negotiation of a curve, said lateral movement control means being7 adapted to predeterminedly limit the extent of roll or lateral movement of the vehicle body and further normally function to bias the same into an upright position.

Other objects not specifically set forth will become apparent from the following detailed description made in conjunction with the drawings wherein:

Fig. lis an end elevation partially broken away and in section of a single axle railway car of the lightweight, high speed variety illustrating an improved suspension system utilizing the lateral movement control means of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is an-end elevation similar to Fig. 1 illustrating the extent of body roll or lateral movement of the car body afforded by the suspension system as the car negotiates a curve in the track;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view of a sidey assembly of the suspension system taken generally along line 3 3 of Fig. l;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary end elevation in partial section of the side assembly of Fig. 3V taken generally along line 4 4 of Fig. 5;.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary sideelevation in partial section of the side assembly of Fig. 3 taken generally along line 5 5 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary end elevatiouin partial section of one of the improved lateral movement control means of the suspension system;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary partial section of the lateral movement control means of Fig. 6 generally taken along line 7 7 of Fig. 6 and Fig. 8 is a cross sectional view of the lateral movement control means taken along line 8 8 of Fig. 7.

Referring in particular to Figs. 1 and 2, a single axle railway car 10 is shown having a car body 11 supported at one end with an axle 12. The car body 11 is provided with a passageway frame 13 and the axle 12 carries laterally spaced wheels 14 each being provided with wheel anges i5 riding the inner surfaces of spacedl rails 16; The car body 11 is resiliently mountedr on journal boxes 17 carried bythe outer ends of the axle 12 by a suspension system whichincludes identical, laterally spaced side assemblies formedv from parts symmetrically located on opposite sides of the passageway frame-'13 which are identified by the same referencey numerals..

Transverse supports 18Y extend between the outer surface of the passageway frame 13 and the shell ofthe car body 11I and each of the supports 18 carries fluid pressure reservoirs 19 which are connected to the top portions of vertically actingresilient springs 20 or shock absorbers which support the weight Aof the car body 11. The springs 20A are each formed from a bellows-like rubber portion which isvinternally pressurized by a fluid pressure, such as air, delivered thereinto froma reservoir 19. The amount of pressure carried by the air springs 20 will vary dependingupon. the load carriedV by the car 10. Asa result, the airl pressure carried by the springs20, which is delivered from, afA suitable supply source not shown, will control the vertical positioning. of the ca body 11 with respect to theaxle 172.

The air springs 20 are restrainedlongitudinally of the car body4 11 by means of` yokes'21` which are connected to-the lower portion'of each of the airl springs 20 and are provided withoutwardly directedspaced restraining links or arms 22 in the form of wishbones which are attached at their outermost ends to the inner surface of the shell of the car body 11. The outermost ends of the arms 22 are provided with eyes 23 which are received between spaced ears 24 carried `by plates 25 which, in turn, are attached to the inner surface of the shell of the car body 11 by bolts 26. Rubber bushed bolts or pins 27 pass through the ears 24 and eyes 23 to attach the arms 22 to the car body 11 and allow the same to pivot in a vertical plane with respect thereto. As a result, the yoke 21 may move upwardly and downwardly with its associated air spring 20 while at the same time restraining the air spring 20 from movement longitudinally of the car body 11.

The air pressure carried lby the reservoirs 19 in communication with the interiorof the springs 20 is supplied from a source which in turn is controlled by a leveling valve 28 (see Figs. 1 and 2) provided with a valve operating linkage 29 having an end thereof attached to one of the arms 22. Because of this arrangement, the amount of air pressure carried by the air springs 20 to maintain the car body 11 in its proper relation with the axle 12 will be controlled by the relative positioning existing between the reservoirs 19 and the arms 22. As the load of the car 1t) increases, they springs 20'will be compressed and the reservoirs 19 will move toward the arms 22. This relative movement will operate the valve linkages 29 to openl the valves 2S thereby increasing the air pressure within the reservoirs 19 from a suitable air pressure supply source. Upon increase of the air pressure in the springs 20, the same will be expanded and the car 10 will automatically adjust itself in response to the load carried thereby with respect to its vertical positioning relative to the axle. 12.

As particularly shown in Figs. 4 and 5, a reinforced plate 30 is associated with eachz of the air springs 20 below the yokel 21. Tol interconnect the yoke 21 and plate 30, a resilient rubber cushion' 31 (see Fig. 4) is associated with the opposed surfaces of the elements thereby interconnecting the same and4 providing resilient relative movementy between the same to allow the plate 30 to limitedly move with respect to the air spring 20v and the yoke 21. The particular use made of this limited movement will be subsequently described.

The plates 30y are provided' with trunnions 32 which receive thereabout rubber torsion sleeve assemblies 33, some ofrwhich are illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5. The outer periphery of the rubber torsion sleeve assemblies 33 are received within cylindrical sleeves 34 which are integral with the upper ends of downwardly and outwardly directed struts 35. The rubber torsion sleeve assemblies 33V are each formed` from an intermediate sleeve of resili'ent rubber material which hasbonded to its inner and outer surfaces rigid metal sleeves, which in turn are keyed against relative movement with respect to a trunnion 32 and a cylindrical sleeve 34. The intermediate rubber sleeve of the torsion sleeve assembly 33 is subjected to shearing action and resiliently yields to the same therebyv allowing a cylindricalA sleeve 34 and associated strut 35 to limitedly rotate about' a trunnion 32 under conditions to be described. Theinherent resiliency of the intermediate rubber sleevel biases a cylindrical sleeve 34 and' its associated strut 35 back into its original position with respect to a trunnion 32vv when theA torsional stresses are removed.

The remaining ends of the struts 35 are similarly provided with cylindrical sleeves 36 which internally receive rubber torsion sleeve assemblies 37 of construction similar to the rubber torsion sleeve assemblies 33. The innerl peripheries of the rubber torsion sleeve assemblies 37 are receivedabout the outer periphery of trunnions 38 which-are integral with saddlegmembers 39 received about the top V surfacesV of the journal boxes 17; The inner andL outer rigidA metallic sleeves of the rubber torsion sleeve assemblies 37 are keyedxto; the trunnions 38 and the cylindrical 'sleeves 3,6, respectively, thereby allowing the struts 35 to limitedly rotate about the trunnions 38. Upon the removalof rotative forces applied to the struts 35, the, inherent resiliency of the inner torsion sleeve ofthetorsionsleeve assemblies 37 willcause the struts 35 to return to their original position with respect to; the -trunnions38." The top saddle members 39 are connected to bottom saddlemem'bers40 by means of bolts 41 and thesecornbinedA saddle members substantially encase the journal boxes v17. The bottom saddle members 40 are provided with pairs of spaced ears 42 which may be pivotally connected to a steering rod .or radius rod 43 as shown in Fig. 5. `The rod `43 `may be a part of an axle steering mechanism whichgdoes not form a part of the present invention., i i

Intermediate the ends of each of the struts 35 are horizontally extending lateral movement control means 44 which formtheessence of .the present 'invention and which lare of similar construction. For purposes ofl description Vonly one of such lateral movement controly means 44 is shown in Figs. `6--8. Referring in particular togFig. 6, a;portion Yof astrut 35 is shown therein as being provided with a mountingplate 45attached thereto by bolts 46. The `plate 45 is provided with an integral horizontally extending cylindrical portionA l47 which carries on the outer-most end thereof a vertically directed rigid plate'48. The outer surface of the plate 48.carries a clincher rim 49 which is provided about the inner periphery thereof withan inturned, circumferentially continuous clamping rim 50 which clamps anend margin of aexible rubber-bellows 51 to the outer surface of the platen-48 in sealed engagement therewith. .The bellows 51 forms an outer'compressible portion which lis centrally restricted by a retainer ring 52 andv is vattached at its remaining end -byv a secondY clincher rim 53 which is provided about'the inner periphery thereof with an inturned clamping 54 receiving the remaining outer margin of the bellows 51`and fastening the same to a rigid plate 55 in sealed engagementtherewith. The plate 5S forms a side wall of an air reservoirl 56 whichis attached to the passageway-frame 13 (see Figs. l and 2).

Internally positionedlwithin the bellows 51 is a resilient abutment means 57 which is in the form of a .cone-shaped protuberance being mounted on the inner surface of the rigid wall 55 and extending inwardly therefrom toward the opposite wall 48 while 4being spaced 'f1-substantial distance=from:the inner surface of thewall 48.1--The .abut-ment meansr57 isformed of resilient material-adapted to be compressed to a predetermined degreeupon contactwith the wall 48 and lis internallyv provided with aflongitudinally l extending passageway 58 which `terminatesat one end with a laterally extending passageway 59 which, in turn, has both of its ends in communication'with the interior of the eompressible portion A51; 'Theremainingend of the longitudinally extending passageway 58 is alignedwithfa hole 60 inthe wall 55 in communication with the interior of lthe reservoir 56. i A tube or`pipe61 extends through the upper wall of the reservoir 56 into communication with the interior thereof and is further in communication with the interior of -one'of the reservoirs 19 atl the 'other end thereof, as shown in Figs. l and 2. By reason 'of the pipe 61, each of the reservoirs 56 'associated with each ofthe lateral movement control means 44 arel intcommunication with their associated reservoirs'19 of the air springs 2t).v Because of thisarrangement, equalization of air-pressure exists Vbetweenthe-associated reservoirs 19 `and 56 and the air springs 20 to 'compress as the initial air pressure carried thereby is inadequate-to maintain the vertical Vrelation 'of the' car body11 with-respect to the axle 12. The'air valves 28, being fixed with respect to the reservoirs-19, move downwardly with the car body 11 and the valve linkages 29, being fixed with respect to the arms 22, open the valvesr28 to allow the introduction of air into the reservoirs `19 and ultimately into the springs 20 thereby increasing theair pressure carried by the springs 20 'to an extent that the body 11 is raised to its( initial position with respect to the axle 12, at, which point the valves 28 are automatically closed.v Upon a decrease in load the elements function in reverse to bleed the springs 20 of excess pressure. Because of this arrangement the vertical positioning of the car bodyf11 with respect to the axler 12 is automatically -brought about in response to variations in the total weight of the car body 11.

The upper ends of the struts 35 are limitedly pivotally connected with the lower portions` ofthe air springs 20 through the plates, 30, cushions 31v and yokes 21. The lower ends of the struts 35 are limitedly pivotal at their points of association with the journal `boxes'17. The rubber torsion sleeve assemblies 33` and'37 carried by the ends of the strutst35 aid in maintaining vthe car body11 in` an upright position due to the biasing action of the resilient sleevesv carried thereby and at theV same time allow the car body `11.to bank relative to the axle 12 in response to the action yof centrifugal force when the car l10 negotiates a curve.

`In Fig.- 2, the car 10 is in the process of negotiating aportion of track which curves to the left as viewed. Centrifugal force acting on the car body 11 causes the sametobank inwardly of the. curve, ,the lower portion of thecar body 11 dipping' downwardly and to the-right and causing the struts 35 to move about their pivotal end connections ina clockwise direction. The restraining arms 22, `forming a part of the yokes 21, maintain the air springs 20 substantially parallel to thevertical axis of the car bodyv 11` and it is only.y the struts-.which move'against the biasing action lofthe rubber torsion sleeve assemblies 33 and-37l to allow the 4car body 11 to bank into the curve.` The centrifugal force acting on the car body 11 is adequate at given speeds of the -car 10 to overcome the biasing action'` of i the Vtorsion sleeve at the interconnections ofthe` struts 35 to the plates 30 andthe journal boxes 17. Uponcompleted negotiation of'a curve, the magnitude of thecentrifugal force is materially reduced to an extent that theinherent resiliency of the torsion sleeve assemblies 33 andY 37 is re-asserted and these assemblies aid to Vbias-the `elements associated therewith to returnthe car body toran upright position.

As previously described, the'rubber torsion sleeve assemblies 33 and 37 are iixed as'to their magnitude of biasing strengthduring the manufacturing thereof. As a result, these assemblies maybe provided with different ratings of resiliencyijand the particular rating used will depend upon the operating conditions lto' be encountered. With respect to single axle railway cars of the type described, these cars when coupled and fully loaded present the maximum weight, namely, 1oad,which'must be moved'laterally bythe torsion sleeve' assemblies 33 andv `37 to urge and maintain the car body-Hin an upright position. It has been found that in the instance where the cars 10 are coupled in load-bearing support but are empty, the total weight movedV amounts to approximately 75% of the coupled and 'fullyloaded weight. For uncoupled, fully loaded cars, the percentage of total possible weight is 60% and for uncoiipled, empty cars it is 45% of the maximum load. Taking these figures into consideration, it may be readil seen that during the operation ofa car 10 when it is coupled and only partially loaded, the rubber ytorsion sleeve assemblies 33 and 37 inl use beingy rated for maximum conditions,name,1y, coupled and fully loaded, the lateral ride'vwill not be as eicient'except at extremely high speeds where the centrifugal force acting on the car body 11 is of a magnitude sucient to make up for the missing weight present under fully loaded conditions. There will be a range of operation with respect to the speed of the car duringwhich only limited banking of the car body 11 will occur as the torsional stresses applied to the rubber torsion sleeve assemblies 33 and 37 will be inadequate to properly overcome the inherent biasing strength of these units. In addition to the foregoing,- temperature conditions materially aiect the extent of banking possible. For example, the rubber torsion sleeve. assemblies 33 and 37 may become 100% stiffer in cold weather operation and this stiffness added to the inherent resiliency of the assemblies, where, for example, the assemblies are rated for coupled and fully loaded conditions, materially reduces the speed range of operation during which the car body 11 will bank` to a desired extent under the inuence of centrifugal force.

Adjustments may be madedepending upon the operating conditions by utilizing rubber torsion sleeve assemblies which are rated to function in line with the amount of weight carried byl the car as well as the temperature conditions under which the car will be operated. However, reliance on this type of. adjustment materially reduces utility of the car andV in order to use the same under a different set of conditions it is necessary to replace the torsion sleeve assemblies with new assemblies rated to meet the new conditions of operation. It is this problem with which the present invention is Particularly concerned and by the provision of the lateral movement control means 44 interconnectedI between the struts 35 and the passageway' frame 13,. the centering force necessary under varyin'goperating. conditions may be automatically maintained. while continuously using the same specifically rated torsion sleeve assemblies 33 and 37 under variable load and temperature operating conditions.

The compressible portion 511 of each of the lateral movement control units 44 is subjected to internal. air pressure of a magnitude equal to the air pressure carried by the air springs 20.- The pipes 61. are connected to the reservoirs 19 and air under pressure is communicated through the reservoirs 56, apertures 60, passageways 58' and 59 into the interior of the bellows 51'.: The air pressure acts to maintainl the plates 48f'and 50 in spaced relation and as the plate 48 is Xed4 with respect to a strut 35, the air pressure. acts between a strut and the car body 11 to urge the latter into an uprighty position. The action of the air pressure in the bellows 51 cooperates with the biasing action ofi the torsion; sleeve assemblies 33 and 37 to normally; maintain the car body 11 in an upright position', The centering yforce asserted by each of the lateralf movement control. unit's 44-ismeasured by the air springs 20, the internal pressure` of which is measured by the total weight of. the ear body as previously described.

Asa result' of. th'e cooperation of the'lateralmovement control units '44rwith the rubber torsion' sleeve assemblies 33 andy 37, thelatter assemblies may be rated' for coupled and no -load conditions which will normally amount to about 45% of theV total: weight of the'car 10V in a coupled and fully loaded'condit'ion. The torsion sleeve assemblies Y33- andV 37'having a comparatively low resilient rating may be'permanently used under varying conditions evento: an-extent of full-load and low temperature operationt conditions. Thel added stiifness supplied to the rubber torsion` sleeve: assemblies 33 and 37 as a result of low temperature operation will not be sufficient to materiallyL affect the riding. comfort with respect to the ability ofthe car to'bank4 upon the rounding of curves at comparatively high speedoperation.A The cooperating centeringforcessupplied by the lateral movement control units 44-will1vany dep'endingg upon the: over-all weight of the car 10. For example in'the eventl that the car 10 iscoupled and fully loaded, the air pressure carried by the air' springs-20v will be. at a: maximum and: a correspending; air.` pressure will be carried bythelateral move-V ment control units 44 thereby increasing theircar centering strength. Upon the carrying of lighter loads by the car 10, the centering forces of the' lateral movement control units 44 will be proportionately reduced, the air pressure carried thereby being equalized with the pressure carried by the air springs 20,- and eicient body roll or banking of the car body 11 will occur.

The use ofabutrnent means 57 within the bellows'51 supplies a means for limiting the total body roll of the car body 11 regardless of the speed of operation and the magnitude of the centrifugal force acting on the car body 1.1. As viewed in Fig. 2, upon the banking of the car body 11 the right hand lateral movement control unit 44 is compressed and the lefthand unit 44 is expanded to a like degree. Upon compression of the units 44, the plate 5S carrying the abutment means 57 is moved toward the plate 48 and ultimately the abutment means 57 abuts the inner surface of the plate 48 and is compressed against the same. The abutment means 57 is preferably formed from resilient rubber material. capable of being compressed' and of resiliently re-attaining its original shape upon the movement of the plate 55 away from the plate 48. Upon compression of the abutment means 57, thel passageway 59 is collapsed and passageway 58 is closed with respect to the interior of the bellows 51. This cuts off the supply of air pressure to the interior of the bellows 51 and the air carried thereby is trapped therein. This feature eliminates the possibility of building up' suicient air pressure within the bellows 5'1 to prevent the car body 11 from continuingv its banking action to aL desired extent during negotiation of a curve. The comp'ressibility of. the abutment means 57 taken into consideration with the spacingv of the plates 48 and 55 predetermines the extent to which the car body 11 will bank upon the rounding of a curve and this extent is iixed so as to be adequate for the higher range of high speed operation. During operation of the car 10 at lower speeds the extent to which the car body 11 banks need not be as great to provide a comfortable ride. As result, the combined centering action of the torsion sleeve assemblies 33 and 37 andthe air pressure carried by the lateral movement control units' 44 may not be vcompletely overcome by the centrifugal force acting on the car body 11 during vthe rounding of a curve by the same and the car body 11 will bank only to the extent that the centrif` ugal force overcomes the centering action of the aforementioned units.

Once the car 10 has substantially completed the'negotiation of a curve at high speed, the centrifugal force acting upon the car body 11 will become reduced' in magnitude to an extent that the biasing action of the torsion sleeve assemblies 33 and 37 andthe air pressure carried by the lateral movement control units 44 will re-assert themselves and act to move the car body 11 toward an upright position. The additional` action of the centering forces provided by the lateral movement control units 44,l which is automatically controlled by the weight of the car body 11, materially aids in providing a smooth and efficient lateral ride and allows the car 10 to be equipped for all-weather operation under variable load conditions. The car 10 is in effect weighed by the main air springs 20 and the centering force required is automatically chosen.

The provision of the top and bottom saddle members 39 and 40 allows the axle 12 andV its associated wheels 14 and journal-boxes 17 to be readily serviced or replaced without the necessity of disconnecting the suspension system from its relation with respect to the car body 11 or disconnecting the various elements thereof. The bottom saddle member 40 may be removed and the complete car body including its suspension system raised from load-bearing support with the journal boxes 17 thereby leaving the suspension system and the car'body 11 intact while allowing complete, uninterfered servicing'or replacement ofv the axle 12- or its associated parts;

'To allow tor'the turninglof the axle 12 with respect to the car body l1 to steer the Wheels 14into-and out of a curve, the resilient cushions 31 areprovided. lThe cushions 31 allow the plates 30 to tiltto a limited degree with respect to the yokes 21 without disturbing the positioning of the air` springsg20. The inherent resiliency of the cushions 31 normallybiases the axle 12 into a position vat right angles to the longitudinal center line of the car 10. However, rin the event thatit lis desiredV to positively steerY the axle 12, the same may` be Vturned with respect to the longitudinal center line of the car 10 by placing the cushion 31 'understress caused by turning forces imparted to the axle 12y through an axle steering mechanism including the steering `rod 43. As `a result of this arrangement the air springs 20 are not twisted or moved in a manner so-as to interfere with their supporting action of the car body 11 -andthe remaining elements of the suspension systemare capable of continued, uninterrupted eilicient operation of the type previously described. The flexibility of the bellows 51of-the lateral movement control units 44 allows the struts 35, to follow the axle 12 upon the steering thereof without damage being done to thelelements of the units 44and without interfering with their eicient operation.- The yokes 21 and restraining arms 22 being, restricted from movement longitudinally of the car body v11 function` to restrain the suspension system andaxle 12 from movement as a complete unit longitudinally of the car body 11. vThe cushions 31 stillfurther absorb the lateral components ofvimpact forces `transmitted alrallymof'the V'struts 35 to prevent the transmission of these components into the body structure through the restraining arms 22. 1 1

Obviouslygmany ymodifications and variations of the invention as hereinbefore-setforth may bevmade without departingfrom the spirit and4 scope thereof, and therefore only such limitations 4.should be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims. v

`Ilainjl; v l l. A suspensionsystem foruse in; atrailway car for mounting the car-body on the axle for vertical andlateral movement with1jespect. i:l'regreto,4 'said systemilllclucling verticallycompressible lluid pressurized means attached to said'bodyabove saidaxle, restraining mefansA interconnecting said verticallycompressible means with said body to restrain movement ofv the' same longitudinally of said body, A,biasing means connected` to and extending from said vertically compressible= meansto' 'said axle,

said biasing means being' limitedly pivotally connected with said axle to normally bias V.said body into an upright position, `laterally compressible tluid; pressurized means connectedto and acting between vsaid body and said biasingmeans to, normally urge said body intoaneupright position,`and a uid pressure supply system carried by said body and interconnected with said duid pressurized means to control fluid p ressurecarriedtherebyY in response to the weight of said car body. I l Y 2. A suspension system for use in a railway car for mounting the car body on the axle for vertical and lateral movement with respect thereto, said system including vertically compressible uid pressurized rneans attached to `said` body above said axle, restraining means interconnecting said `vertically compressible means with said body to restrain movement ofthe same longitudinally of said body, biasingmeans connected jtoand `extending from said vertically compressible means to said axle, said biasing means being limitedly pivotally connected with said` axle to normally bias saidbody ,into 1an upright position, later-r ally compressible fluidpressurizledmeans connected to and acting between said `body and lsaid biasingvmeans to normally urgesaidbcidy'intoanl upright position,` and 10 being interconnected with said verticallycompressible means to equalize fluid pressure therebetween.

3. A suspension system for use in a railway car for mounting the car body on the axle for vertical and lateral movement with respect thereto, said system including a laterally spaced pair of vertically compressible uid pressurized means attached to said body above said axle, restraining means interconnecting the lowermost portion of each of said vertically compressible means with said body to restrain movement of the same longitudinally of saidbody, biasing means connected to and extending from the lower portion of each of said vertically compressible means to said axle near opposite ends thereof, said biasing means being limitedly pivotally connected with said vertically compressible means and said axle to normally bias said body into an upright position, laterally compressible fluid pressurized means connected to and acting between said biasing means andv said bodyI to normally urge said body into an upright position, and a-iluid pressure supply system carried by said body and interconnected with said lluid pressurized means to control iluid pressure carried thereby in response to the weight of said car body.

4. A suspension system for use in a railway car for mounting the car body on theV axle for vertical and lateral movement with respect thereto, said system including a laterally spaced pair of vertically compressible lluid pressurized means attached to said body above said axle, restraining means interconnecting the lowermost portion of each of said vertically compressible means with said body to restrain movementof the same longitudinally of said body, biasing means connected to 'and extending from the lower portion of each of said vertically compressible means to said axle near opposite ends thereof, said biasing means being limitedly pivotally connected with said vertically compressible means and said axle to normally bias said body into an upright position,

. laterally compressible fluid pressurized means connected to and acting between said biasing means and said-body to normally urge said body into an upright position, and a fluid pressure supply system carried by Vsaid body and interconnected with said iluid pressurized means to control lluid pressure carried thereby in response to the weight of said car body, said laterally compressible'means being interconnected with said vertically compressible means to equalize fluid pressure therebetween. E

5.A suspension system for use inra railway car for mounting the car body on the axle for vertical and lateral movement with respect thereto, said` system including vertically compressible Huid pressurized means.

`attached to said body above said axle, restraining means axle, said biasing means being limitedly pivotally connected with'said axle to normally bias said body 'into an upright position, laterally compressible iluid pressurized means connected to and acting between said body and said biasing means to normally urge 'said body into an upright position, and a-lluid pressure supply system carried by said body and interconnected with said fluid pressurized means to control iluid pressure carried thereby in response to the Weight of said car body, said laterally compressible means including an outer compressible portion internally supplied with iluid under pressure delivered from said fluid pressure supply system, said compressble portion being closed at its ends by substantially rigid walls, one of said walls being attached tovsaid body and the other of said walls being carried by said biasing means, said compressible portion having internally positioned therein a resilient abutment means carried by one of said walls and directed toward the other of said walls for abutmentwith the' other of said walls when movel1 ment of said body moves said walls aV predetermined extent toward one another.

6. A: suspension system for use in a railway car for mounting the car body on' the axle for vertical and lateral movement with respect thereto, said system including vertically compressible fluid pressurized means attached to said body above said axle, restraining means interconnectingfsaid vertically compressible means with said body to restrain movement of the same longitudinally of said body, biasing means connected to and extending from said: vertical-ly compressible means to said axle, said biasingmeans beinglimitedly pivotally connected with said axle to' normally bias said body into an upright position, laterally compressible iiuid pressurized means connected to a'nd acting-between said body and said biasing means to' normally urge said body into an upright position, and a Huid pressure supply system carried by said body and interconnected with said fluid pressurized means to control iiuidpressure carried thereby in response to the weight of4 said car bo'dy, said laterally compressible means including an outer compressible portion closed at`its ends by substantially rigidwalls, one of said walls being carried by said body and the other of said walls being carried by said suspension system, said compressible portion having internally positioned therein a resilient abutment means carried by one of said walls and directed toward the' other of said Walls for abutment with the other of said walls upon predetermined lateral movement between said body and said axle, said abutment means having a passageway therethrough which is connected to said fluid'pressure supply system, said abutment means being resiliently compressible upon contact with one of said walls to ultimately limit movement of said walls toward one another at which point said passageway is collapsed and said fluid pressure supply system is no longer in communication with the interior of said compressible portion, the resiliency of said abutment means being adequate to re-establish communication upon a predetermined reverse movement of one of said walls away from the other of said walls.

7. A suspension system for use in a railway car for mounting the car body on the axle for vertical and lateral movement with respect thereto, said system including vertically compressible iiuid pressurized means attached to said body above said axle, restraining means interconnecting said vertically compressible means with said body to restrain movement of the same longitudinally of said body, biasing means connected to and extending from said vertically compressible means to said axle, said biasing means being limitedly pivotally connected with said axle to normally bias said body into an upright position, laterally compressible fluid pressurized means connected' to and acting between said body and said biasing means to normally urge said body into an upright position, and a llid pressure supply system carried by said body and interconnected with said liuid pressurized means to control tiuid pressure carried thereby in response to the weight of said car body, said laterally compressible means including anV outer compressible portion which'is internally fluid pressurized, said compressible portion being closed at its ends by substantially rigid walls, one of said walls being attached to Vsaid body and the other of said walls being carried by said biasing means, said compressible portion having internally positioned 'therein a resilient abutment means carried by one of said walls and directed toward thev other of said walls for abutment with the other of said walls when movement of said body moves the wall associated therewith a predetermined extcnt toward the'other of said walls, said laterl ally compressible means being interconnected with said vertically compressible means to equalize tluidtpressure therebetween. i

8. Auid pressurizedmovement limiting `means for use with a reversibly movable object, said limiting meansi includingv an' outer'compres'sible portion closed at its 'ends by' substantially rigidAv walls, one of said` walls being adapted for association with said movable object andthe other of said walls being'l adapted for nxed positioning, said compressible portion havinginternally positioned therein a one-piece molded rubber resilient abutment means' carried by one of said wallsA and directed toward the other of said walls for abutment with the other of said walls when movement of said object moves one of said`walls toward" the other, and fluid pressure supply means in the form of' a passageway in said abutment means through which the interior of said compressible portion'fmay be placed 'under variable pressure, said Vabutmentmeans being resiliently compressible upon contact withone of `said walls to ultimately limit movement of said'walls toward-one another prior to which pointsaid passageway is v blocked and said liuid pressure supply means is no longer in'communication" with the interior of said compressible portion; the resiliency of said abutment means beingfadequate' to re-establish communication upon a predetermined reverse movement of one of said walls awayI from'the' other of said walls.

9`. A duid pressurized movement limiting means for use with Aa reversibly movable object, said limiting means including an vouter"compressibleportion closed at its ends by` substantially rigid walls, one ofl said walls being adaptJ ed for association with said movable object and the other of said walls being adapted for fixed positioning, said comd p'ressible portion having'inte'rnally' positioned' therein a one-piece molded rubber resilientl abutmentmeans carriedby oneof said walls and directed toward the other of lsaid walls for abutmentl with the other of said Walls when movement' of said object moves one of said walls toward-the other to'a" predetermined extent, said abutment means bein'gprovided with an internal longitudinally extending-passageway terminating atone end'withan internal laterally extending passageway-opening?at'its ends into the interior of said compressible portion and being spaced slightly inwardly from lthe'innermosttip of said abutment meansgthe other end 'of saidlongitudinally extending'passageway-being" aligned'with an aperture 'in the wall carrying saidfabut'ment means, and atl'uid pressure supply means connected with'sairl longitudinallyextending 'passageway tol place the interio'rof said compressible portion' under variable pressure, said abutment means be ing resilien'tly compressible upon contact with yone of said walls to' ultimately limit movement of 'said walls towards one another prior to which point'said laterally extending passageway' is sealed byv'compression of the rubber mate lial'dening4 and surroundingthesame and said tiuid pressure supply means is'no" longer in' communication with the interior of said'co'mpressible'portion, the active length and inherent resiliency "of s aid abutment means ',b'eing adeq'uate to provide for continuedf limited'rnovement of said wallsv relative' to one` another following passage'.- way sealing therein and lbeing further adequate to .re establish communicationbetween said Huid pressure supply means and the interior of saidcompressible portion upon a predetermined reverse movement of one of said Walls away from the other of said walls. l0, In a vehicle vwherein a vehicle body is resiliently mounted by` vasuspension system on a wheel-carrying axle for verticaluand lateral relative' movement with respect to :said'suspension'systemand said axle, theproj vision of a lateral relativelrnovement control means operatively lconnected to: andV between thevehicle lbody and saidvv suspension system vand being resiliently compressible inl a substantially` horizontal":planev to control the extentl of lateral movement of the vehicle body relative. to.' said' suspension System"and"said'axlefsaid control means inclding'an outer' compressible portion internally suppliedl with liid underjpressiire; and a"iiuidpressure'supply'sysy tern` operatively connected w'itnl said vehicle' body 'and said sspensionsystexnandffsaid control means for v vary` ing theiiiternalV pressure'ofsaidcontrol means in'fre'- sponse to movement of saidyehiclebody relative to said suspension system and said axle. v

l1. In a vehicle wherein a vehicle body isresiliently mounted by a suspension system on a wheel-carrying axle for vertical and lateral relative movement with respect to said suspension system and said axle, the provision of a lateral relative movement control means operatively connected to and between the vehicle body and said suspension system and being resiliently compressible in a substantially horizontal plane to control the extent of lateral movement of the vehicle body relative to said suspension system and said axle, said control means including anouter compressible portion internally supplied with uid under pressure, said compressible portion being closed at its ends by substantially rigid walls one of said walls being tixed to said vehicle body for movement therewith and the other of said walls being fixed to said suspension system, said compressible portion having internally positioned .therein a resilient abutment means carried by one of said Walls and directed toward the other of said walls for 'abutment with the other of said walls when movement of said vehicle body moves the wall associated therewith a predetermined extent toward the other of said walls, and a fluid pressure supply sy-stem operatively connected with said vehicle body and said suspension system and said control means for Varying the internal pressure of said control means in response to movement of said vehicle body relative to said suspension system and said axle.

12. In a vehicle wherein a vehicle 'body is resiliently mounted by a suspension system on a wheel-carrying axle for vertical and lateral relative movement with respect to said suspension system and said axle, the provision of a lateral relative movement control means operatively connected to and between the vehicle body and said suspension system and being resiliently compressible in a substantially horizontal plane .to control the extent of lateral movement of the vehicle 'body relative to said suspension system and said axle, said control means including an outer compressible portion closed at its ends by substantially rigid walls, one of said walls being xed to said vehicle body for movement therewith and .the other of said Walls being iixed to an element of said 14 control means including an o uter compressible portion closed at its ends by substantially rigid walls, one of said`wa1ls being fixed to said vehicle body for movement therewith and the other of said walls being carried by said suspension system, said compressible portion having internally positioned therein a resilient abutment means carried by one of said walls and directed toward the other of said walls for abutment with the other of said walls upon a predetermined extent of relative movement between said vehicle body and Vsaid suspension system and said axle, and a fluid pressure supply system operatively connected with said vehicle body and said suspension system and with said abutment means to place the'interior of said compressible portion under variable pressure, said abutment means being provided with an internal longitudinally' extending passageway terminating at one end with an internal laterally extending passageway opening at its ends into the interior of said compressible portion, the other end of said longitudinally extending passageway communicating with said iluid pressure supply.system,rsaid abutment meansbeing resiliently compressible upon contact with one of said wallsto ultimately limit movement of said walls toward` one anotherat which point said internal laterally extending passageway is collapsed to `anextent that said uid pressure supply system is no longer in communication with the interior ofsaid compressible portion, said abutment means 4being adapted to reestablish communication between the interior of said compressible portion and said fluid pressure supply system upon a predetermined `reverse .movement of one of said walls away from the other of said walls.due to the Vinherent resiliency of the material of said abutment suspension system, said compressible portion having internally positioned therein a resilient abutment means carried by one of said walls and directed toward the other of said walls for abutment with the other of said walls upon predetermined relative movement between said Vehicle body and said suspension sys-temand said axle, and a tluid pressure supply system whichris operable in response to movement of said `vehicle body relative to said suspension system and said axle operatively connected with said vehicle body and said suspension -system and with said vabutment means through a passageway therein to place the interior of said compressible portion under variable pressure, said abutment means being resiliently compressible rupon `contact with one of said walls.. to ultimately limit movement of said wallstoward oneanother at which point said passageway is resiliently blocked and said fluid pressure vsupply system is no longer in communication with the interior of said compressible porti-on, the resiliency of the material of said abutment means being vadequate .to re-establish communication upon a predetermined -reverse movement of one of said walls away from the other of said walls.

13. In a vehicle wherein a vehicle body is resiliently mounted by a suspension system on a wheel-carrying axle for vertical and lateral. relative movement with .respect to saidsuspension system and said axle,\th'e provision ot a lateral relative movement control means operatively connected to and between the vehicle body and said suspension system and being resiliently` compressible in a substantially horizontal plane to. control the extent Aof lateral movement of the` vehicle body relative to said suspension system and said axle, said means. y.

14. In a vehicle wherein a vehicle body is resiliently mounted by a suspension system on la wheel-carrying axlefor vertical and lateral relative movement with respect 't`o said suspension system and Vsaid axle, and the vertical relative movement is controlled by tluid pressure operated vertically acting means forming a part of said suspension system and in communication with uid supply means on said vehicle body for supplying tiuid under pressure to saidvertically acting means, the operating pressure of said vertically acting means ,-being regulated by tluid pressure control means forming a part of said `fluid supply means and being operatively conlateral relative movement control means operatively connected to and between the vehicle body and said sus-V pension system and being resiliently compressible in' a substantially horizontal plane to control the extent of lateral movement ofv the' vehicle body relativejto said suspension system and `said axle, said lateral movement Vcontrol means including an outer compressible portion,

said uid supply means being operatively connected with said lateral: movement control means to supply iiuid under pressure to said compressible portion to vvary the internal pressure thereof on the order of variations in the operating pressure of `said vertically acting means. Y 15.1In a vehicle wherein a vehicle body is resiliently mounted .by a suspension system on a wheel-carrying axle for vertical and lateral relative movement with respect to said suspension system-and said axle, .and the vertical relative movement is controlled by fluid pressure operated vertically acting means forming a part of said suspension system and infcommunication with uid supply means on said vehicle body for supplying iiuid under pressure to said vertically acting means, the operating pressure of said verticallyA acting means being regulated by fluid pressure control means forming a part of said uid supply means and being operatively connected With-said vehiclerbody and said suspension Sysasv-i347 tem to vary the operating'pressure of said vertically acting means in response. to movement of said vehicle body relative to said axle, the provision of a lateral relative movement control means operatively connected to and between the vehicle body and said suspension system and being resiliently compressible in a substantially horizontal plane to control the extent of lateral movement of the vehicle body relative to said suspension system and said axle, said lateral movement control means including an outer compressible portion, said iluid supply means being operatively connected with said lateral movement control means to supply fluid under pressure to said compressible portion to vary the internal pressure thereof on the order of variations in the operating pressure of said vertically acting means, said compressible portion being closedat its ends by substantially rigid walls, one of said walls being attached to' said vehicle body and the other of said walls being fixed to said suspension system, said compressible portion having internally" positioned `therein a resilient abutment meanslcarried by one of said walls anddirected toward thefother of said walls for abutment'with the other of Said walls when movement of said vehicle body moves the' wall attached thereto a predetermined extent toward the other of said walls.

16. In a vehicle wherein a vehicle body is resiliently mounted by a suspension system on a wheel-carrying axle for vertical and lateral relative movement with respect to said suspension systemv andsaid axle, and the vertical relative movement is controlled vby Huid pressure operated vertically acting means' vforming a part of said suspension system and in communication with iluid supplyl means lon said vehicle body for supplying iluid under pressureto said vertically acting means, the operating prcssure of said' vertically acting means being regulated by lluid pressure control means forming a part'ofsa'id liuid supply means and being operatively connected Vwith said vehicle body and said suspension system to vary the operating pressure *of` said 'vertically acting means'in response to movement of said vehicle body relative to `said axle, `the provision of a lateral relative'moveme'nt control means operatively connected to 'and between the vehicle lbodyA and said suspension system and'being resiliently compressible in a substantially horizontal plane to control the extent of lateral movement of the vehicle body relative to said suspension system and said axle, 'said lateral movement control means including an outer compressible portion in communication with said lluid supply means and internally supplied with fluid under pressure, said compressible portion being closed at its ends by substantially rigid walls, one of said walls being attached to said vehicle bodyand theother of said walls being carried by said suspension system, Vsaid compressible portion having internally positioned therein a resilient abutment t means carried by one of said wallsjand directed toward the other 'of saidwalls for abutment with the other of said walls upon predetermined relative movement between said vehicle body and said axle, said abutment moans being resiliently compress'ible upon contact vwith one of said walls to ultimately limit movement of said walls toward one another at which point the fluid supply means is no longer in communication with the interior of said compressible portion, the resiliency of the material of said abutment 'means being adequate to reestablish communication upon a predetermined reverse movement of one of said wallsl away from the other of said walls, said .fluid pressure' control means functioning/to' vary the internal -pressure of saidilateral movement control means-'on the lorder of variations in the operating pressure ofl said vertically acting means,y

`17. In a-"vehicle wherein a vehicle body is resiliently mounted by a suspension system ona wheel-carrying axlefor vertical and lateral frnovemen't with respect to said suspension system andsaid' axle', and the'v'ertical `relative movement is controlled by iluid pressure operated. vertically `acting means forming a part of said suspension system and in communication with lluid supply means on said vehicle body for supplying fluid under pressure to said vertically acting .means7 the operating pressure of said vertically acting means being regulated by fluid pressure control means forming a part of said iluid supply means and being operatively connected with said vehicle body and said suspension system to vary the operating pressure of said vertically acting means in response to movement of said vehicle body relative to said axle, the provision of a lateral relative moveinent control means operatively connected to and between the vehicle body and said suspension system to control the extent of lateral movement imparted to said vehicle body, said lateral movement control means includingv an outer compressible portion in communication with said lluid supply means and internally supplied with iluid under pressure, said compressible portion being closed at its' ends by substantially rigid walls, one of said walls being attached to said vehicle body andl the other of said walls being carried by said suspension system, said compressible portion having internally positioned therein a resilient abutment means lcarried by one of said walls and adapted for abutment with the other of said walls upon a predetermined extent of relative movement between said vehicle body and said axle, said abutment means being provided with an internal longitudinally extending passageway terminat- Cil ing:l at one end with an internal laterally extending passageway opening at its ends into the interior of said compressible portion, the other end of said longitudinally extending passageway being in communication with said fluid supply means for the introduction of fluid pressure into v'the interior of said compressible portion, said abutment means being resiliently compressible upon contact with one of said walls to ultimately limit movement of said walls toward one another at which point said internal laterally extending passageway is collapsed to an extent that the supply of lluid pressure is temporarily interrupted, said abutment means being adapted to reestablish the supply of fluid pressure upon a predetermined reverse movement of one of said walls away from the other of said Walls due to the inherent resiliency of material of said abutment means, said fluid pressure control means functioning to vary the internal pressure of said lateral movement control means on the order of variations in the operating pressure of said vertically acting means. f

18. In a vehicle wherein a vehicle body is resiliently mounted by a suspension system on va wheel-carrying axle for vertical and lateral relative movement with respect to said suspension system and said axle, said suspension system including fluid pressurized vertically acting means for controlling relative vertical movement, lluid supply meansl onpsaid vehicle body for supplying fluid under pressure to said lluid pressurized vertically acting means, said fluid supply means including iluid pressure control means operated in response to relative movement betweensaid body and said axle, and body centering means resiliently interconnecting said body and said axle for resiliently 'biasing said body into an upright position, the provision of lateral relative movement control means includinguid pressure operated means operatively connected in a substantially horizontal plane to and between said body and said body centering means, said lluid pressure operated means being in communication with said lluid supply means for functioning in response to changes in pressure in said vertically acting means, said fluid pressure operated means being expansible in response to lluid pressure to resiliently bias said body into an upright position in cooperation with the biasing action of said body centering means.

19. In a vehicle wherein a vehicle body is resiliently mounted by a suspension system on a wheel-carrying axle for vertical and lateral relative movement with respect to said suspension system and said axle, said suspension system including iluid pressurized vertically acting means for controlling relative vertical movement, fluid supply means on said vehicle body for supplying fluid under pressure to said vertically acting means, said fluid supply means including uid pressure control means operated in response to relative vertical movement between said vehicle body and said axle, and body centering means resiliently interconnecting said vehicle body and said axle for resiliently biasing said vehicle body into an upright position, the provision of lateral relative movement control means operatively connected to and between said vehicle body and said body centering means and in communication with said vertically acting means to function in response to changes in the iluid pressure of said vertically acting means to resiliently bias said vehicle body into an upright positiony in cooperation with the biasing action of said body centering means, said lateral movement control means including an outer compressible portion internally supplied with fluid under pressure, said compressible portion being closed at its ends by substantially rigid walls, one of said walls being carried by said vehicle body and the other of said walls being fixed to said body centering means, said compressible portion having internally positioned therein a resilient abutment means carried by one of said Walls and directed toward the other of said walls for abutment with the other of said walls when movement of said vehicle body moves said walls a predetermined extent toward one another.

20. In a vehicle wherein a vehicle body is resiliently mounted by a suspension system on a wheel-carrying axle for vertical and lateral relative movement with respect to said suspension system and said axle, saidisuspension system including fluid pressurized vertically acting mean for controlling relative vertical movement, tluid supply means on said vehicle body for supplying Huid under pressure to said vertically acting means, said fluid supply means including fluid pressure control means operated in response to relative vertical movement between said vehicle body and said axle, and body centering means resiliently interconnecting said vehicle body and said axle for resiliently biasing said vehicle body into an upright position, the provision of lateral relative movement control means operatively connected to and between said vehicle body and said body centering means and in communication with said vertically acting means to function in response to changes in the uid pressure of said vertically acting means to resiliently bias said body into an upright position in cooperation with the biasing action of said body centering means, said lateral movement control means including an outer compressible portion closed at its ends by substantially rigid walls, one of said walls being carried by said vehicle body and the other of said walls being attached to said body centering means, said compressible portion lhaving internally positioned therein a resilient abutment means carried by one of said walls and directed toward the other of said walls for abutment with the other of said walls upon predetermined relative movement between said vehicle body and said axle, said abutment means having a passageway therethrough which is in communication with the iluid pressure of said vertically acting means, said abutment means being resiliently compressible upon Contact with one of said walls to ultimately limit movement of said walls toward one another at which point said vertically acting means is no- 18 longer in communication with the interior of said compressible portion, the resiliency of the material of said abutment means being adequate to re-establish communication upon a predetermined reverse movement of one of said walls away from the other of said walls.

2l. In a vehicle wherein a vehicle body is resiliently mounted by a suspension system on a wheel-carrying axle for vertical and lateral relative movement with respect to said suspension system and said axle, said suspension system including iluid pressurized vertically acting means for controlling relative vertical movement, iluid supply means on said vehicle body for supplying fluid under pressure to Vsaid vertically acting means, said fluid supply means including fluid pressure control means operated in response to relative vertical movement between said vehicle body and said axle, and body centering means resiliently interconnecting said vehicle body and said axle for resiliently biasing said vehicle body into an upright position, the provision of lateral relative movement control means operatively connected to and between said vehicle body and said body centering means and in communication with said vertically acting means to function in response to changes in the fluid pressure of said vertically acting means to resiliently bias said body into an upright position in cooperation with the biasing action of said body centering means, said lateral movement control means including an outer compressible portion closed at its ends by substantially rigid walls, one of said walls being carried by said vehicle body and the other of said walls being carried by said body centering means, said compressible portion having internally positioned therein a resilient abutment means carried by one of said walls and directed toward the other of said walls for abutment with the other of said walls upon a predetermined extent of relative movement between said vehicle body and said axle, said abutment means being provided with an internal longitudinally extending passageway terminating at one end with an internal laterally extending passageway opening at its ends into the interior of said compressible portion, the other end of said longitudinally extending passageway communicating with said vertically acting means, said abutment means being resiliently compressible upon contact with one of said walls to ultimately limit movement of said walls toward one another at which point said internal laterally extending passageway is collapsed to an extent that the lluid pressure of said vertically acting means is no longer operative within the interior of said compressible portion, said abutment means being adapted to re-establish communication between the interior of said compressible portion and said vertically acting means upon a predetermined reverse movement of one of said walls away from the other of said walls due to the inherent resiliency of the material of said abutment means.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 36,498 Alsop Sept. 23, 1862 2,056,106 Kuhn Sept. 29, 1936 2,115,072 Hunt et al. Apr. 26, 1938 2,180,860 Brown Nov. 21, 1939 2,427,927 Schutte Sept. 23, 1947 2,537,637 Candlin Jan. 9, 1951 2,596,031 Kaufman May 6, 1952 2,633,811 Poage Apr. 7, 1953 2,758,549 Lich Aug. 14, 1956 2,773,686 Nash Dec. 11, 1956 

